Copper Smelting by Henry Marion Howe

Author:Henry Marion Howe
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
Publisher: Government Printing Office
Published: 1885-03-25T05:00:00+00:00

The following are examples of the time occupied in the several periods of this romsting-smelting process:

Chilian and Swansea practice.

Chilian practice {private notes).

1. Slow semi-fusion:

Char/2^ 5 6 tons whito raotal of 70 por cent, copper:

Charging; fln isbed at •.

Ports closed till

Boast with open ports till

2. Fasion completed at hi;;her temperatnre:

Chargo ],2(H) pounds cnrbonateMOt'27 per cent, copper:

Close ports at

Firehard to melt till

Skim slag from 11 hours till

3. Gradual Kettin*::

Open ports, cool down, and solidify from 12 hoars till

4. Remelt and tap:

Temperature raised till

Skim crasses at .,

Tap at

Charfciug:

After fettling commence charging at

Finish charging at

Swansea prdHstiee (c^fter Le Play).

1. Slow semi-fusion:

Charge finished at

Ports closed till

Koast with open ports till

2. Gradnal sett in ir:

Openx>orts and cool down from 5 hrs. and 30 niin. till

8. Bemelt and tap:

Slow semi-fusion from 11 hours till

Fasion completed from 17 boars till tap at

CbaiKing:

Commence charging at ,

Finish charging at

Time.

The products of this operation are, first, crude metallic copper, from which nearly all the impurities have been eliminated and which becomes merchantable after one more operation (refining); second, slags and crasses of varying degrees of acidity, according to the amount of iron

(491)

COPPER SMELTING.

IMII.I.M.

coDtaiued in the matte treated, to the care which has been taken to prevent the scori&cation of the copper, and especially to the extent to which the oxidation haa been carried in the final slow fusion of the charge after setting it. If mattes of high grade and conseqnently very free from iron, saeh as regule and pimpled metal, have been treated, the stags will be essentially silicates of copper. As they are practically equivalent to rich oxidized copper oi-es, usnally so hard to obtain, it is very convenient to use them in operation (4) smelting for white metal, aa their nse enables us to obtain a product of a given grade in that operation, with a less thorough preceding roasting. As, however, they are generally very impure, it is often preferred to treat them separately for copper of an inferior grade ^, rather than to return to the regular process imparities which have been ebminated at such cost, and which, if thus returned, teud to accumulate, and have at any rate to be separated from the copper again and again.

The following are examples of the composition of the slag and copper produced by this roasting-smeldng for bli8t«r copper:

aLePliif, op. oh., p.SIS.

ludiju der MetaUbiitteDlinDde, I, p. aiE.

OLASSIFIOATION OP OBES AND SLAGS.

Having considered the various operations of the reverberatory process, we can more intelligently consider the reasons for the classification of ores adopted and for assigning the several classes of ores and the slags producefl in the several fusions to the operations in which they are respectively treated.

Class I. —In the ores of Class I, which is treated in the first roasting, may bo included:

1. Impure sulpbureted ores rich or poor in copper, because to eliminate their impurities as fully as possible they should undergo as many operations as possible. They should not be added to any of the later

'Vivian (op. cit..

I strongly recommends thia c

B0WB.1 REVERBERATORY METHOD FOR SULPHURETED ORES.

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